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本題由chris提供

Until now, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available.

Parents are reluctant to subject children to the pain of injections, but adults, who are at risk of serious complications from influenza, are commonly vaccinated. A new influenza vaccine, administered painlessly in a nasal spray, is effective for children. However, since children seldom develop serious complications from influenza, no significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Any person who has received the injectable vaccine can safely receive the nasal-spray vaccine as well.

B. The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as jnjectable vaccines do.

C. The injectable vaccine is affordable for all adults.

D. Adults do not contract influenza primarily from children who have influenza.

E. The nasal spray vaccine is most effective when administered to adults.

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答案：

思路：家

長不給孩子打疫苗的理由里，忽略了另一點(diǎn)。如果得了感冒的孩子，把感冒傳染給大人，就會(huì)給大人帶來麻煩。孩子得感冒不是問題，因?yàn)椴粫?huì)有并發(fā)癥，大人則剛好相反，會(huì)因?yàn)楸粋魅玖烁忻岸l(fā)并發(fā)癥。所以，帶孩子去打疫苗，就變成了是出于大人利益的考慮，而非出于孩子自身的需要。以此為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，大人就會(huì)積極地帶孩子用nasal spray的方式去打疫苗。這樣一來，公共健康機(jī)構(gòu)就能夠通過nasal spray給孩子打疫苗賺到很多錢。那么，原文的結(jié)論就被削弱。
選項(xiàng)D恰好是排除了這個(gè)理由的可能性（大人不會(huì)從患有流感的孩子那里染上流感），從而支持了結(jié)論。